Day 3 in germany

picture of the Nazi badges

picture of a newspaper(USA) about Nazi

It is a picture of a Nazi propaganda poster(the pic on top)

Day 3 in Germany

1) Nuremberg Trial of Nuremberg Rally
Qn: What is Nuremberg Trial/Rally about?
Ans: A series of military trial of the 22 most important captured leaders of Nazi Germany. Each of the 22 were trialed by representatives of the Soviet Union, Britain, USA and France. They were also provided with their own defence counsel. On January 14 1942, representatives from the 9 occupied countries met in london. The legal bais for the trial was established by the london charter, issued on August 8.
2) Touring Nuremberg:
Qns: What are the major attractions in Nuremberg?
Ans: The Palace of Justice(under construction nothing much to say…), the documentation Centre, Christmas market(during December), Church Of St. Mary, the “beautiful” fountain(Dan say so…)
3) Documentation Centre
Qn; What were some interesting/impactful things you came across at the Documentation Centre?
Ans: A lot of Nazi propaganda posters, the layout of the camps across the third reich, alots of photos and newspaper clippings, German Marks($$$), books that “teach” children about the Jews….etc
Qn 2): What were your major learning points from the visit to the Documentation Centre?
Ans: The Nazi influence on Germans and how they gain popularity, in depth description of the Nuremberg Laws, how they affected the Jews in Germany, hilter let a WOMEN to film him and the rallies.
Qn3): Why do you think it is important to set up the Documentation Centre for the current and future generation?
Ans: let the future generation know what the past generation had been through and it will serve as a reminder to the future generations so that history will not repeat itself.

1. Describe roughly the history of Austria:

In 1932, Engelbert Dollfuss’s Christian-Social government confronted social democracy and Nazism. The Nazis assassinated him in 1934 in a failed coup d'état.

In 1938 German troops invaded Austria.

In 1945 Austria was divide in 4 zones after Hitler’s fall.

Austria’s Second Republic was governed by conservatives and socialists.

Austria regained full independence in 1955.

In 1970 the Socialist Party (SPO) obtained victory and formed government headed by Bruno Kreisky.

Kreisky resigned after the SPO party lost the power in 1983.

In 1992 Thomas Klestil was elected Austria’s President.

In 1994 Austria became a European Union member.

In 1999, the Libera Party (FPO) became the second strongest party.

In 2004, Heinz Fischer of the Social Democrat Party was elected president.

In 2005 Haider announced the formation of a new political party the AFA (Alliance for the Future of Austria).

2. How is the country divided/organised today?

As a federal republic, Austria is divided into nine states (German: Bundesländer).[6] These states are then divided into districts (Bezirke) and statutory cities (Statutarstädte). Districts are subdivided into municipalities (Gemeinden). Statutory Cities have the competencies otherwise granted to both districts and municipalities. The states are not mere administrative divisions but have some legislative authority distinct from the federal government, e.g. in matters of culture, social care, youth and nature protection, hunting, building, and zoning ordinances. In recent years, it has been discussed whether today it is appropriate for a small country to maintain ten parliaments.

3. What are the major physical features and formations in Austria?

Austria is a largely mountainous country due to its location in the Alps. The Central Eastern Alps, Northern Limestone Alps and Southern Limestone Alps are all partly in Austria. Of the total area of Austria (84,000 km2 or 32,433 sq mi), only about a quarter can be considered low lying, and only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft). The Alps of western Austria give way somewhat into low lands and plains in the eastern part of the country.

Austria can be divided into five areas, the biggest being the Eastern Alps, which constitute 62% of nation's total area. The Austrian foothills at the base of the Alps and the Carpathians account for around 12% and the foothills in the east and areas surrounding the periphery of the Pannoni low country amount to about 12% of the total landmass. The second greater mountain area (much lower than the Alps) is situated in the north. Known as the Austrian granite plateau, it is located in the central area of the Bohemian Mass, and accounts for 10% of Austria. The Austrian portion of the Vienna basin comprises the remaining 4%.

4. What are the different natural vegetation in Austria?

Idk lah, I don't take Geography.

5. What are the major types of economies / industries in Austria?

The Major Industries in Australia are

Agriculture

Mining

Tourism

and Industrial Manufacturing.

Demographics and Culture in Austria

MORE ABOUT AUSTRIA

official name: The Republic Of Austria

location: Border to 8 other EU countries and is landlocked( has no direct access to the sea)

size:83,872 squarekilometers

capital: Vienna

currency: the Euro

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

• majority of Austrians speak German, the country's official language.



• other official languages include: Croatian, Hungarian, Slovene

RELIGION IN AUSTRIA

• Roman Catholics are the most common in Austria, but there are also other religious communities.

AUSTRIA'S POLITICAL SYSTEM

• Today's Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising 9 Federal states: Burgenland, Carinthia, upper and lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Voralberg and its capital, Vienna.

POLITICS IN AUSTRIA

• The parliment of Austria is located in Vienna.



• Austria became a Federal, Parliamentarian, democratic republic through the Federal Constitution of 1920.



• It was reintroduced in 1945 to the 9 states of the Federal Republic.



• The head of state is the Federal president, who is directly elected by popular vote.



• The chairman of the Federal Government is the Federal Chancellor, who is appointed by the President.



• The Government can be removed from office by either a presidential decree or by vote of no confidence in the lower chamber of Parliment, the Nationalrat.



• Voting for the Federal President and for the parliment used to be compulsory in Austria, but this was abolished in steps from 1982 to 2004.

PARLIAMENT OF AUSTRIA

• The Parliament of Austria consists of 2 chambers: the Bundesrat and the Nationalrat.



• The composition of the Nationalrat( 183 seats) is determined every 5 years(or whenever the Nationalrat has been dissolved by the Federal President on a motion by the Federal Chancellor, or by the Nationalrat itself) by a general election in which every citizen over 16 years has voting rights.



• While there is a general threshold of 4 percent for all parties at Federal elections, there is a possibility to gain a direct seat in 1 of the 43 regional election districts.



• The Nationalrat is the dominant chamber in the formation of legislation in Austria.



• However, the upper house of parliment, the Bundesrat, has a limited right of veto.



• The Nationalrat can- in almost all cases- ultimately pass the respective bill by voting a second time. This is referred to as ' Berharrungsbeschluss, lit. "vote of persistance".

AUSTRIA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM

• Responsibility for education oversight in Austria is entrusted partly to the Austrian states( Bundeslandar), and partly to the Federal Government.



• School attendence is compulsory for 9 years, i.e. to the age of 15.

KINDERGARTEN

• Free in most states, it is provided for children between the ages of 3 to 6.



• Although it is optional, it is considered a normal part of a child' education, due to itshigh take-up rate.



• The max. class siz is around 30, with each class being cared for by a qualified teacher and an assisstant.



• Standard attendence times are between 8am to 12 noon, with extra afternoon care provided for a fee.

PRIMARY EDUCATION

• Primary education lasts for 4 years, starting at age 6. The max. class size is 30, but may be as low as 15.


• It is generally expected that a class will be taught by 1 teacher for the entire 4 years and the stable bond between the teacher and the student is considered important for a child's well-being.


• The '3Rs' dominate lesson time, with less time allocated for projects than in UK.


• Children work individually and all members of the class follow the same plan of work. There is no streaming.


• Lessons begin at 8am and last till noon with hourly 5-10 mins break.


• Children are given homework daily. Historically, there has been no lunch hour, with children returning home to eat.


• However, due to the rise in the no. of mothers working, primary schools are increasingly offering pre-lessons and afternoon care.

SECONDARY EDUCATION

• Consists of 2 main types of schools, attendence at which is based on pupil's ability as determined by grades from the primary school.


• The Gymnasium( a name for schools in certain parts of Europe) cater for the more able children, in the final year of which the Matura Examination is taken, which is a requirement for access to university.


• The Hauptschule prepares students for vocational education but also for various types of education, such as the HTL= institution of higher technical education ; HAK= commercial academy ; HBLA= instituion of higher education for economic business.


• Attendence at one of these institutes also leads to the Matura. Some schools aim to combine the education available at the Gymnasium and the Hauptschule, and are known as Gesamtschulen.


• In addition, the importance of learning English has led some Gymnasiums to offer bilingual streams, in which pupils deemed able in languages follow a modified curriculum, a portion of the lesson time conducted in English.


• Lessons at Gymnasium begin at 8am, similar to primary schools. Older pupils generally attend further lessons after lunch and they all follow the same plan of work, as simlar to primary schools.


• Great emphasis is placed on homework and frequent testing. Satisfactory marks in the end-of-year report are a prerequisite for moving up to the next class.


• Pupils who do not meet the required standard have to re-sit the exams during the summer holidays. Those whose marks are still not satisfactory have to re-sit the whole year. It is not uncommon for a pupil to re-sit for more than 1 year of school.


• After completing the 1st 2 years, pupils choose between 2 strands, known as' Gymnasium'( slightly more emphasis on the arts) or 'Realgymnasium'( slightly more emphasis on the science).


• Whilst most of the schools offer both strands, some do not and as a result some children move schools as young as 12.


• At age 14, pupils may choose to remain in 1 of these 2 strands or change to a vocational course, possibly with a further change of school.

UNIVERSITY

• The Austrian university system had been open to any student who passed the Matura examination until recently.


• A 2006 bill allowed the introduction of entrance exams for studies such as medicine.


• In 2001, an obligatory tution fee per term was introduced for all public universities.

AUSTRIAN CUISINE

• Derived from that of Austro-Hungarian empire and is mainly royal cuisine delivered over centuries.
• It is famous for its well-balanced variations of beef and pork and countless variations of vegetables.


• In addition to the native regional traditions, the cuisine has been influenced by Hungarian, Bohemia Czech, Jewish, Italian, Balken and French cuisine.


• Thus, it is one of the most multicultural and transcultural in Europe.


• Breakfast usually consists of breadrolls with jam or cold meats and cheese, accompanied by coffee, tea or juice.


• The midday meal was traditionally the main meal of the day, but now due to Austrians working longer hours, the main meal is now taken in the evening.


• A mid-afternoon snack consists of bread topped with cheese or ham known s' jause'.

AUSTRIAN CULTURE

• Austria's past as an European power and its cultural environment have generated a broad contribution to various kind of arts. Austria has also been the birthplace of many reknown musicians.


• Vienna has long been an important place of musical innovation and this made Vienna the capital of classical music.


• The most popular form of modern austrian folk music is Viennese Schrammelmusik, which is played with an accordian and a double-necked guitar.


• For art and architecture, one can find familiar names like, Carl Moll, Ernst Haas and Adolf Loos.

SCIENCE

• Austria was the cradle of numerous scientists with international reputation. Eg. Ernst Mach, Wolfgang Pauli, Karl Popper and Kurt Godel.

LITERATURE

• Complementing its status as a land of artists and scientists, Austria has always been a country of poets, writers and novelists.

SPORTS

• Due to the mountainous terrain, alphine skiing is a prominent sport in Austria. Snowboarding or ski-jumping are also popular sports.


• The 1st winter Youth Olympics in 2012 will be held in Innsbruck.

AUSTRIAN FESTIVALS

• Each year between may and june, the Weiner Festwochen presents theatre, music and dance productions arranged by famous artists from around the world.


• The contents of the performances ranges from classical to modern dance and comical dance performances.


• Ever since 1951, the festival has managed to provoke artistic and social discourse while maintaining a high artistic level.


• One of the summer highlights is the film festival in front of the Vienna city hall. Each night, a different film connected to operas is presented on the collosal screen.


• There is no entrance fee and a collection of different international cuisines will be sure to pamper your stomach.


• During Christmas, there are small huts providing you with potential Christmas presents, food and heated mulled wine.